THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND CITRUS ESSENTIAL OILS THERAPY: AN ESCO MODEL FOR DIABETIC FOOT ULCER PATIENTS IN A WOUND CARE TREATMENT CENTER IN EAST JAKARTA, INDONESIA

Background: Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a serious long-term (or "chronic") condition characterized by elevated of blood glucose levels. This occurs when the body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of the hormone insulin or cannot effectively utilize the insulin it produces. An estimated 537 million adults aged 20 to 79 years are currently living with diabetes, representing 10.5% of the world's population within this age group, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2021). Research Method: This study employed Solomon's four group design method, which aims to minimize the influence of confounding variables and enables the researcher to assess whether the pretest itself affects the subjects. The Solomon four-group design is a standard pretest-posttest two-group design, as well as a posttest-only control design. The various combinations of tested and untested groups, along with treatment and control groups, enable the researcher to ensure that confounding variables and extraneous factors do not influence the results. Meanwhile, the control group will receive standard interventions administered by personnel at primary care facilities. Results: Following the implementation of the ESCO treatment model for patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), significant results were observed in the proliferation phase (p-value: 0.01 < 0.05), vascularization (p-value: 0.01 < 0.05), and the assessment of neuropathic sensation (pvalue: 0.01 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of the ESCO model therapy positively affects wound healing in DFU patients. Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcers present a complex situation, making wound healing difficult or delayed. Electrical stimulation and citrus essential oils, part of the ESCO treatment model, have proven to be highly effective for this condition, particularly in accelerating the wound healing process.